MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome. This 16-amino acid peptide has emerged as a significant focus of metabolic and aging research. Studies suggest MOTS-c may play crucial roles in regulating metabolic homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and cellular energy metabolism. Research indicates it may influence AMPK activation and cellular stress responses. As a mitochondrial signaling peptide, MOTS-c represents a novel class of bioactive molecules with potential implications for metabolic health and longevity research.